Saturn

May 15, 2007

Reading

I started reading this on February 21, 2006, and finished it on February 25, 2006.

Specs

Bova, Ben, Saturn, written 2003, published by Tom Doherty Associates, Tor Press, New York. This is from the Central Resource Library.

Overview

(Time: appears placed in the late 21st century.)

This is a story about an experiment. That is, the "New Morality," based in New Jersey, has decided on an experiment where they will collect a group of 10,000 people, put them in an enclosed environment, and see what they do. Particularly, what sort of government they set up. Dr. Wilmot is the scientist in charge, and the 10,000 do not know they are part of an experiment.

Although the New Morality set up the experiment, which is a Sociological experiment, about a third of the staff is from the "The International Consortium of University." This group is in charge of the technical aspects of the trip to Saturn, but they don't know about the experiment either.

Unknown to the New Morality and the ICU another group also put people onto the environment, "The Holy Disciples." This group is a group of fundamentalist who are afraid the people on the Habitat will be beyond their control (like the government in The Gustave Station). Actually, I think the New Morality is another Fundamentalist group, but obviously less restrictive.

The Holy Disciples put people into the habitat with their cronies, with orders to take over at all costs. Malcolm Eberly. is the designated leader, and is the head of "Personnel." Therefore, he has some control over who gets to go, and what job they get, although Dr. Wilmot has final say. Also, Mr. Kananga is the chief of security. He was a police officer that was kicked off the force for attempted genocide. He is big and mean. A Ms. Morgenthau is also in the group. She is probably gay, and makes herself fat and ugly to keep the men away.

The fourth group is smaller and more personal. A woman, Susan Lane (who changed her name to Holly, so she is know as Holly for most of the story), decides to go with. She is someone who died and was brought back to life, but lost her memory as a result, so she is really an older woman who acts like a teenager. Her sister is Pancho Lane, a famous Astronaut, who does not go with. Her sister doesn't want her to go, but she can't stop her, so she hires people to go with to keep an eye on her. Of course, they have other jobs, and Holly doesn't know they were hired. They are Manny Gaeta, a stunt person. That is, he makes his living by doing stunts and getting paid for it. He wants to be the first person to go to the surface of Titan, so he will go out with the colony, and will return immediately on a "torch ship" (a fast, but expensive, ship). Also, Dr. Cardenas, who won a Nobel prize for nanotechnology. She doesn't join the expedition until they reach Jupiter (where more hydrogen is picked up for the fusion engine). And, finally, Mr. Tavalera, who did not plan to go and was not hired, was picked up in an accident near Jupiter.

Throughout the novel, Dr. Wilmot is watching what is going on with interest, since this is his area of research, but he never intervenes. He learns of Eberly's plans, but he allows them to proceed, even when he, personally, is compromised.

To be honest, the book was very slow at the beginning. They are just waiting to get to Saturn.

Eberly decided to start his takeover early. He starts a contest to name everything in the habitat, the villages, the factories, etc. Holly, who is very much infatuated with Eberly, is his assistant. Once they're on their way, Eberly decides to spend full time planning and implementing his intrigues, but he names Morgenthau as his acting replacement. Holly is disappointed, but Eberly keeps her in line by telling her that Morgenthau is only a figurehead, and she will hold the real authority. Holly is in charge of the naming project.

One downside is that obviously Ben Bova doesn't know anything about other election schemes than first past the post, with all its problems. He does illustrate the problems however.

Eberly gets permission from Dr. Wilmot to write the Constitution. It is a very liberal constitution, with a clause stating that the leader can take suspend human rights in an emergency. The plan, of course, is that once the Constitution is in force, and Eberly set up as the leader, there will always be a state of emergency, so the guys back on Earth will get their absolute control.

Mr. Vyborg is the third in command in the Communication Division. There is an old man, Diego Romero, who is a figurehead in charge, and a Mr. Berkowitz does the work. But Vyborg is the person the conspiracy says should be in charge, so he tries to get Eberly to remove the people above him. When Eberly doesn't do it as fast as he likes, he kills Romero. Holly, who had become friends with Romero, finds the body. She suspects something because she knows Romero, and the official version, that is was an accident is not true. She finds some proof in that there is evidence of Romero's struggling to save himself. She eventually reveals this to Eberly, who then orders her killed. Eberly leads her to Kananga, but she beats him up. She might look small and weak, but obviously she must know martial arts. Then she hides out in the tunnels under the surface, which she knows like the back of her hands. She hides out for two weeks, in fact, with the entire security force looking for her.

Eventually Eberly is elected, the Constitution is accepted, and Holly is caught. Holly again escapes, but is re-caught. Kananga arranges for a show trial, after which she is to be killed by being put in the airlock without a suit.

At the same time, Gaeta is going to go through the rings of Saturn in his big stunt suit. He set out to do this, (he is almost killed, despite the fact that his very large suit is designed to handle meteor strikes, and radiation from space. Just as Kananga is preparing to push Holly out the door (after a really terrible beating), Gaeta comes in from his trek through the rings. The airlock is locked, but Gaeta has to get in through the emergency cycling. Gaeta comes out decked out in his big space suit, tired and sore, but he sees what's going on. The security forces fire lasers at him, but the lasers are nothing compared to what the suit is built to take. (Keep in mind, he was hired to protect Holly.) There were three guards, he hits one, which either kills him, or knocks him out (Gaeta doesn't care). Then he grabs Kananga by the throat, and takes him out the airlock, cycling it, end of Kananga.

The other conspirators are there as well, including Eberly, to witness the show trial. So, the entire group is brought before Dr. Wilmot. All the facts are now known. Kananga killed Romero, Gaeta killed Kananga to save Holly. Wilmot sends Morgenthau and Vyborg into exile back to Earth. The implication is that the people that sent them will kill them because of their ultimate failure.

This is a story about the raise of Hitler before the Second World War. Eberly is the standing for Hitler. He continues to pit one group against another even as he tells people they need unity. As Dr. Wilmot says in the end, that type of government is by its nature unstable. In Eberly's case, it lasted about five hours, when the fact that everyone had something on everyone else brought the system down. That was in the report to his superiors.

There is also a lot of talk about nanomachines, which are outlawed on Earth due to the Fundamentalist governments. He talks about nanomachines that can tear thing apart on the atomic level. This is not possible, as there is a lower limit to the size of nanomachines, especially nanomachines that use some computers.

Also, a technical point, Ben Bova talks about computers as if they are souped up versions of the current computers. That is, they are turned on by audio commands, but are still separate units, each person has their own computer. There are hand held computers, which display on a wall, or due to holograms. I really suspect that in the future computers will be more like the one in The Gustave Station, where individual computers are less important than the networked backbone. Therefore, in that story the "computer" becomes a character, but the character includes all computers on the station.

The name of the habitat is the Goddard habitat, presumably after Robert Goddard. It is 2 Kilometers in radius, and 20 kilometers long. He says that is rotates in 45 seconds to get 1 gravity, but actually is should be 90 seconds.

Theme

At it heart this is a book about the establishment of a repressive government, and ultimately how unstable that is. (The government only lasts 5 hours before it breaks up due to internal strife.) During the first half of the book I could not help but see parallels to Hitler and his rise to power. I suspect that was deliberate.


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